простая программа OpenGL/GLUT, не компилирующаяся на Windows

Question

Я пытаюсь скомпилировать простое приложение с использованием GLUT в Windows. В Linux он скомпилирован без ошибок. В Windows я пробовал Visual C++ Express 2010 и CodeBlocks и получил те же ошибки для обоих. Я добавил библиотеки, файлы заголовков и DLL-файлы в соответствующие каталоги. Я добавил библиотеки в настройки компоновщика. Вы знаете, в чем проблема?

Ошибки:

D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp||In function 'void DrawGLScene()':| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp|259|error: 'glUseProgramObjectARB' was not  declared in this scope| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp|262|error: 'glUniform1ui' was not declared in this scope| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp|263|error: 'glVertexAttribPointerARB' was not declared in this scope| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp|270|error: expected initializer before '*' token| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp|284|error: expected initializer before '*' token| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp||In function 'void log(int)':| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp|299|error: 'GL_OBJECT_INFO_LOG_LENGTH_ARB' was not declared in this scope| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp|300|error: 'glGetObjectParameterivARB' was not declared in this scope| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp|303|error: 'glGetInfoLogARB' was not declared in this scope| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp||In function 'unsigned int load_shader()':| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp|310|error: 'glCreateProgramObjectARB' was not declared in this scope| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp|311|error: 'GL_VERTEX_SHADER_ARB' was not declared in this scope| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp|311|error: 'glCreateShaderObjectARB' was not declared in this scope| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp|312|error: 'GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER_ARB' was not declared in this scope| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp|313|error: 'V_SHADER' was not declared in this scope| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp|313|error: 'glShaderSourceARB' was not declared in this scope| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp|314|error: 'F_SHADER' was not declared in this scope| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp|315|error: 'glCompileShaderARB' was not declared in this scope| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp|319|error: 'glAttachObjectARB' was not declared in this scope| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp|321|error: 'glLinkProgramARB' was not declared in this scope| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp|322|error: 'glUseProgramObjectARB' was not declared in this scope| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp|323|error: 'glGetUniformLocationARB' was not declared in this scope| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp|325|error: 'glGetAttribLocation' was not declared in this scope| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp|330|error: 'glUniformMatrix4fv' was not declared in this scope| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp|332|error: 'glUseProgram' was not declared in this scope| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp|333|error: 'glEnableVertexAttribArray' was not declared in this scope| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp|335|error: 'glDeleteObjectARB' was not declared in this scope| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp||In function 'int main(int, char**)':| 
D:\PBL\code blocks project\shikaku\main.cpp|355|error: 'glDeleteObjectARB' was not declared  in this scope| 
||=== Build finished: 26 errors, 0 warnings ===| 

код, если это необходимо:

#define GL_GLEXT_PROTOTYPES 1 
#define GL3_PROTOTYPES 1 
#include <windows.h> 
#include <GL/gl.h> 
#include <GL/glext.h> 
#include <GL/glut.h> 
#include <cstdlib> 
#include <iostream> 
using std::cout; 
using std::endl; 
int window; 
int shader; 

unsigned char texture[]= {0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF, 
         0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF, 
         0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF, 
         0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF, 
         0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF, 
         0xFF,0x00,0x00,0xFF, 
         0xFF,0x00,0x00,0xFF, 
         0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF, 
         0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF, 
         0xFF,0x00,0x00,0xFF, 
         0xFF,0x00,0x00,0xFF, 
         0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF, 
         0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF, 
         0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF, 
         0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF, 
         0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF}; 
static const float Z=-1.0; 

static const float vertices[]={ -0.5, -0.5, Z, 
       0.5, -0.5, Z, 
       0.5, 0.5, Z, 
       -0.5, 0.5, Z }; 

static const float texcoord[]={ 0.0, 0.0, 
       1.0, 0.0, 
       1.0, 1.0, 
       0.0, 1.0 }; 

static const char indices[]={ 0,1,2,3 }; 

unsigned int texcnt; 
unsigned int projection_matrix_loc; 
unsigned int modelview_matrix_loc; 
unsigned int vertex_loc; 
unsigned int tex_coordinates_loc; 
unsigned int tex_loc; 

void InitGL(int Width, int Height) // Funkcja wolana po utworzeniu okna 
{ 
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // kolor tla czarny 
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_POLYGON); 
glClearDepth(1.0);     // Enables Clearing Of The Depth Buffer 
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);    // Enables Depth Testing 
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); 
glGenTextures(1,&texcnt); 
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texcnt); 
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,GL_RGBA,4,4,0,GL_RGBA,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,texture); 
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR); 
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_LINEAR); 
glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); 
} 

void ReSizeGLScene(int Width, int Height) 
{ 
if (Height==0) Height=1; 
glViewport(0, 0, Width, Height); 
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); 
glLoadIdentity(); 
glOrtho(-1.0,1.0,-1.0,1.0,1.0,-1.0); 
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); 
} 

void DrawGLScene() 
{ 
glutSetWindow(window); // Aktywne okno 
glClear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); 
glUseProgramObjectARB(shader); 
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); 
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texcnt); 
glUniform1ui(tex_loc,0); // Jednostka teksturuj¹ca 0 
glVertexAttribPointerARB(vertex_loc,3,GL_FLOAT,0,0,vertices); 
glVertexAttribPointerARB(tex_coordinates_loc,2,GL_FLOAT,0,0,texcoord); 
glDrawElements(GL_QUADS, 4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,indices); 
glUseProgramObjectARB(0); 
glutSwapBuffers(); 
} 

const GLcharARB* V_SHADER[] = { //call per vertex 
"uniform mat4 projection_matrix;" 
"uniform mat4 modelview_matrix;" 
"attribute vec3 vertex;" 
"attribute vec2 tex_coordinates;" 
"varying vec2 tex_coord;" 
"void main()" 
"{" 
"tex_coord = tex_coordinates;" 
"gl_Position = projection_matrix*modelview_matrix*vec4(vertex,1.0);" 
"}" 
}; 


const GLcharARB* F_SHADER[] = { //call per pixel 
"varying vec2 tex_coord;" 
"uniform sampler2D tex;" 
"void main()" 
"{" 
"vec4 color = texture2D(tex,tex_coord);" 
"gl_FragColor = color;" 
"}" 
}; 


void log(int shader) { 
char* info_log; 
int info_log_len=0; 
int chars_written=0; 
glGetObjectParameterivARB(shader,GL_OBJECT_INFO_LOG_LENGTH_ARB, 
     &info_log_len); 
if (info_log_len>0) { 
    info_log= new char[info_log_len]; 
    glGetInfoLogARB(shader,info_log_len,&chars_written,info_log); 
    std::cout << info_log; 
    delete [] info_log; 
    } 
} 

unsigned int load_shader() { 
unsigned int p = glCreateProgramObjectARB(); 
unsigned int v = glCreateShaderObjectARB(GL_VERTEX_SHADER_ARB); 
unsigned int f = glCreateShaderObjectARB(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER_ARB); 
glShaderSourceARB(v, 1, V_SHADER,0); 
glShaderSourceARB(f, 1, F_SHADER,0); 
glCompileShaderARB(v); 
log(v); 
glCompileShaderARB(f); 
log(f); 
glAttachObjectARB(p,v); 
glAttachObjectARB(p,f); 
glLinkProgramARB(p); 
glUseProgramObjectARB(p); 
modelview_matrix_loc = glGetUniformLocationARB(p,"modelview_matrix"); 
projection_matrix_loc = glGetUniformLocationARB(p,"projection_matrix"); 
tex_coordinates_loc = glGetAttribLocation(p,"tex_coordinates"); 
vertex_loc = glGetAttribLocation(p,"vertex"); 
tex_loc = glGetUniformLocationARB(p,"tex"); 
    const float identity[16] = 
    {1,0,0,0, 0,1,0,0, 0,0,1,0, 0,0,0,1}; // mat jednostkowa nic nie robi 
glUniformMatrix4fv(projection_matrix_loc,1,GL_FALSE,identity); 
glUniformMatrix4fv(modelview_matrix_loc,1,GL_FALSE,identity); 
glUseProgram(0); 
glEnableVertexAttribArray(vertex_loc); 
glEnableVertexAttribArray(tex_coordinates_loc); 
glDeleteObjectARB(v); 
glDeleteObjectARB(f); 
return p; 
} 


int main(int argc, char **argv) 
{ 
glutInit(&argc, argv); 
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_ALPHA | GLUT_DEPTH); 
glutInitWindowSize(640, 480); 
glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100); 
window = glutCreateWindow("Bitmapka"); 
glutDisplayFunc(&DrawGLScene); 
//glutFullScreen(); 
glutIdleFunc(&DrawGLScene); 
glutReshapeFunc(&ReSizeGLScene); 
shader = load_shader(); 
InitGL(640, 480); 
glutMainLoop(); 
glDeleteObjectARB(shader); 
glutDestroyWindow(window); 
return 0; 
} 

Answer 1

В Windows интерфейс DLL OpenGL предоставляет только OpenGL-1.1 API, больше ничего. Поэтому для использования более новых функций вы должны загружать их во время выполнения через механизм расширения. Перейдите на страницу http://glew.sourceforge.net, прочтите документацию, установите ее, используйте.

Серьезно, это часто задаваемый вопрос о каждом 2-м дне на StackOverflow.

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КСТАТИ: В Linux официальный OpenGL-ABI для libGL.so определяет только OpenGL-1,2, так что технически вы должны использовать механизм расширения на Linux, а также. Однако большинство libGL.so для экспорта новых символов просто так, поэтому то, что вы сделали, работает именно по этой причине.